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- ********************************************
- * Phospholipase A2 active sites signatures *
- ********************************************
-
- Phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) (PA2) [1,2] is an enzyme which releases fatty
- acids from the second carbon group of glycerol. PA2's are small and rigid
- proteins of 120 amino-acid residues that have four to seven disulfide bonds.
- PA2 binds a calcium ion which is required for activity. The side chains of two
- conserved residues, a histidine and an aspartic acid, participate in a
- 'catalytic network'.
-
- Many PA2's have been sequenced from snakes, lizards, bees and mammals. In the
- latter, there are at least two forms: pancreatic and membrane-associated. The
- venom of most snakes contains multiple forms of PA2. Some of them are
- presynaptic neurotoxins which inhibit neuromuscular transmission by blocking
- acetylcholine release from the nerve termini.
-
- We derived two different signature patterns for PA2's. The first is centered
- on the active site histidine and contains three cysteines involved in
- disulfide bonds. The second is centered on the active site aspartic acid and
- also contains three cysteines involved in disulfide bonds.
-
- -Consensus pattern: C-C-x(2)-H-x(2)-C
- [H is the active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL known
- functional PA2's. However, this pattern will not detect some snake toxins
- homologous with PA2 but which have lost their catalytic activity.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 12.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIVM]-C-{LIVMFYWPCST}-C-D-x(5)-C
- [D is the active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: the majority
- of functional and non-functional PA2's. Undetected sequences are bee PA2,
- gila monster PA2's, PA2 PL-X from habu and PA2 PA-5 from mulga.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 4.
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Davidson F.F., Dennis E.A.
- J. Mol. Evol. 31:228-238(1990).
- [ 2] Gomez F., Vandermeers A., Vandermeers-Piret M.-C., Herzog R., Rathe J.,
- Stievenart M., Winand J., Christophe J.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 186:23-33(1989).
-